Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper
Depression is regarded as a major global public health problem it affects all types of people in all cultures a cross the world,Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper and is the cause of substantial suffering and disability Worldwide.
Depression is fourth leading cause of disability .Depression is predicted to be the second leading cause of disability in the year (2020) the disability also increases with severity of the depression. The World Health Organization (2006) established that over the past45 years, suicide rates had increased by60% worldwide and that suicide was the third most common cause of death for both men and women between the ages of 15 and 44 years demonstrating a change from earlier figures where older people were the most likely group to commit suicide. Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper The World Health Organization (2006) stated that depression was the cause for approximately 90percentage of all cases of suicide (Hansson, 2010).
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Depression
Is a common mental health disorder that often presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure feeling of guilt or low self worth, disturbed sleep, loose of appetite, low energy and poor concentration. As result, these problems can become chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairments in the individual’s ability to take care of his or her everyday responsibilities (WHO, 2011). Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper Genetics and neuroscience research and other research studies have shown that depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain. Yet, the exact causes for these illnesses are not yet clear and are still being studied. Imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans show that the brains of people with depression look different from those of people without the illness. The scans show that the areas of the brain that control moods, thinking, sleep, appetite and behavior are not functioning properly (National institutes of health, 2007).
There are many causes of depression such as a reaction to life event( i.e.) death of a loved one, breakdown of relationship, financial worries, stressful events in person life and difficult childhood experiences are leading to depression in adulthood (Walsh, 2009).Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper
There are also genetic causes such as family history of disease, there are biochemical causes such as changes in hormones and there are chemical imbalances psychological causes such as social, anxiety, stress. As well as there are serious medical illnesses like, diabetes, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, in addition to the causes there are some medication which are taken for these illnesses may cause side effects that contribute to depression (National institutes of health, 2007).
Types of depressions
There are many types of depressions described.
- Major depressive disorder (MDD) in old age
It is associated with increased volumes of visceral fat, which is also known as organ fat is located inside the peritoneal cavity ,packed in between internal organs as opposed to subcutaneous fat which is found underneath the skin and intramuscular fat which is found interspersed in skeletal muscle (Anderson, Anderson, 2006).Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper
As well as a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, this is a cluster of metabolic derangements that are associated with primary disturbances in adipose tissue (Potenza, &Mechanic 2009).It is characterized by at least 2 weeks of depressed mood or loose of interest in pleasure consists of a single episode as recurrent major depression at various points in life often it begins between ages 18 and 45 (Major depression,2009).The symptoms can be very sever can also include psychosis, psychosis mean a person has lost the ability to distinguish between what is real and what is not real. A person can experience hallucinations. Moreover, hallucinations are when major depressive disorder person sees things that are not there or hears voices (Kneisal, Wilson&Trigoboff)
- Major depression episode
It is mood of disturbance characterized by sadness and grief is resulting from personal loss, tragedy, or loss of interest in activities (Kneisl, Wilson & Trigoboff, 2004).Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper
- Dysthymic disorder
It requires a chronically depressed mood for the at least two years symptoms tend to be less severe than in major depressed disorder(Kneisl, Wilson & Trigoboff, 2004).
- Seasonal affective disorder
Seasonal affective disorder, it is also called (SAD) that triggered by the season of the year the symptoms begin in the winter and end by summer (Kneisl, Wilson&Trigoboff, 2004).
- Bipolar disorder
Are group of mood disorders that include manic episode, hypomanic episodes, depressed episodes and cyclothymiacs disorder.Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper Bipolar disorders tend to be recurrent decreasing in frequenancy as the individual age’s most bipolar 1 disorder clients return to normal functioning (Kneisl, Wilson&Trigoboff, 2004).
- Mood disorder due to other conditions
It is manifested by physiological conditions mood disorder due to a general medical condition such as hepatitis it may also induced by substance abuse such as cocaine or prescribed medication like antihypertensive or oral contraceptive (Kneisl, Wilson&Trigoboff, 2004).
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- Postpartum mood episodes (PPME)
Almost 50% of women experience it is occurs from 2 weeks to 1 year following the birth of the child (Kneisl, Wilson&Trigoboff, 2004).
Diagnosing depression
The (DSM-IV) the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders is probably the most widely consulted classification system in psychiatry. Its provides a system for the classification of all mental disorders, including differential diagnosis, with a coding system for each disorder for record-keeping purposes.Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper The manual is designed to guide diagnosis in clinical practice (Barker, 2009). Moreover, the important step in getting appropriate treatment is visit a doctor or the mental health professional, he or she will exclude the case of the other medical cause of depression by doing the complete physical exam and interview and laboratory tests.
The mental health professional will ask about the history of symptoms, such as when it started and how they have lasted a long time, whether signed before, whether they were treated. Hence, the mental health professional will diagnose depression then the most appropriate treatment will be choose and to be start (National institutes of health, 2007). There are many screening instrument are used in diagnosis of depression such as the Zung self-rating depression scale (WHO, 2011) The GDS- scoring sheets (Walsh, 2009). Emotional Support for Patients With Depression Research Paper